MLA 015 AWS SageMaker MLOps 1

Machine Learning Guide

SageMaker is an end-to-end machine learning platform on AWS that covers every stage of the ML lifecycle, including data ingestion, preparation, training, deployment, monitoring, and bias detection. The platform offers integrated tools such as Data Wrangler, Feature Store, Ground Truth, Clarify, Autopilot, and distributed training to enable scalable, automated, and accessible machine learning operations for both tabular and large data sets.

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Amazon SageMaker: The Machine Learning Operations Platform

MLOps is deploying your ML models to the cloud. See MadeWithML for an overview of tooling (also generally a great ML educational run-down.)

Introduction to SageMaker and MLOps

• SageMaker is a comprehensive platform offered by AWS for machine learning operations (MLOps), allowing full lifecycle management of machine learning models.
• Its popularity provides access to extensive resources, educational materials, community support, and job market presence, amplifying adoption and feature availability.
• SageMaker can replace traditional local development environments, such as setups using Docker, by moving data processing and model training to the cloud.

Data Preparation in SageMaker

• SageMaker manages diverse data ingestion sources such as CSV, TSV, Parquet files, databases like RDS, and large-scale streaming data via AWS Kinesis Firehose.
• The platform introduces the concept of data lakes, which aggregate multiple related data sources for big data workloads.
• Data Wrangler is the entry point for data preparation, enabling ingestion, feature engineering, imputation of missing values, categorical encoding, and principal component analysis, all within an interactive graphical user interface.
• Data wrangler leverages distributed computing frameworks like Apache Spark to process large volumes of data efficiently.
• Visualization tools are integrated for exploratory data analysis, offering table-based and graphical insights typically found in specialized tools such as Tableau.

Feature Store

• Feature Store acts as a centralized repository to save and manage transformed features created during data preprocessing, ensuring different steps in the pipeline access consistent, reusable feature sets.
• It facilitates collaboration by making preprocessed features available to various members of a data science team and across different models.

Ground Truth: Data Labeling

• Ground Truth provides automated and manual data labeling options, including outsourcing to Amazon Mechanical Turk or assigning tasks to internal employees via a secure AWS GUI.
• The system ensures quality by averaging multiple annotators' labels and upweighting reliable workers, and can also perform automated label inference when partial labels exist.
• This flexibility addresses both sensitive and high-volume labeling requirements.

Clarify: Bias Detection

• Clarify identifies and analyzes bias in both datasets and trained models, offering measurement and reporting tools to improve fairness and compliance.
• It integrates seamlessly with other SageMaker components for continuous monitoring and re-calibration in production deployments.

Build Phase: Model Training and AutoML

• SageMaker Studio offers a web-based integrated development environment to manage all aspects of the pipeline visually.
• Autopilot automates the selection, training, and hyperparameter optimization of machine learning models for tabular data, producing an optimal model and optionally creating reproducible code notebooks.
• Users can take over the automated pipeline at any stage to customize or extend the process if needed.

Debugger and Distributed Training

• Debugger provides real-time training monitoring, similar to TensorBoard, and offers notifications for anomalies such as vanishing or exploding gradients by integrating with AWS CloudWatch.
• SageMaker's distributed training feature enables users to train models across multiple compute instances, optimizing for hardware utilization, cost, and training speed.
• The system allows for sharding of data and auto-scaling based on resource utilization monitored via CloudWatch notifications.

Summary Workflow and Scalability

• The SageMaker pipeline covers every aspect of machine learning workflows, from ingestion, cleaning, and feature engineering, to training, deployment, bias monitoring, and distributed computation.
• Each tool is integrated to provide either no-code, low-code, or fully customizable code interfaces.
• The platform supports scaling from small experiments to enterprise-level big data solutions.

Useful AWS and SageMaker Resources

• SageMaker
• DataWrangler
• Feature Store
• Ground Truth
• Clarify
• Studio
• AutoPilot
• Debugger
• Distributed Training
• JumpStart