Cardiovascular Physiology Categorisation Drills for the exam PART 2

Anaesthesia Coffee Break

Here is cardiovascular (CVS) physiology part 2 classified
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Effect of standing due to hydrostatic pressure

Compensation is Global

- Baroreceptor

o A reduction in mean arterial pressure is sensed by the baroreceptors. They decrease their rate of firing which results in an increase in SNS discharge and decreased PNS discharge causing:

o increased HR

o increased myocardial contractility ® increased CO ® increased MAP

o peripheral vasoconstriction ® increased TPR ® increased MAP (greater effect on resistance vessels than on capacitance vessels)

o venoconstriction ® increased venous return ® increased CO

- Atrial stretch

o Over an extended period of time, decreased blood volume will be sensed by the cardiopulmonary receptors as decreased stretch and decreased firing of the A and B receptors will stimulate:

o release of angiotensin, aldosterone and ADH (­ Na+/H2O reabsorption, restoration of blood volume)

o increased SNS activity in the kidney (vasoconstriction, ¯ GFR and ¯ urine flow)

- Venous flow

o Skeletal muscle pump

o Valves

o Thoracic pump

- Microcirculation changes

Local

- Cerebral autoregulaton

- Myogenic mechanism

- Metabolic

- Increase O2 extraction

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